Oedipus Blindness and Self Discovery Illustrated in...

From the very beginning of Oedipus, one can see that the main character of Oedipus is very sure about who he is and where he has come from. One of the most important motifs of the story is the idea of metaphorical blindness, and how Oedipus claims that everyone else around him is blind, and he is the only one that can see. However, what Oedipus soon finds out is that he has no idea who he is, and that all along he has been blind himself. Sophocles makes Oedipus suffer because of the fact that he actually has no idea who he is, and almost avoids figuring it out. It takes a defining moment for it to dawn on Oedipus that he is not who he thought he was. Oedipus’ blindness seems to have been his downfall, but the more prevalent question that†¦show more content†¦Although Oedipus is very confident in himself, the people around him do not do much to stop him from thinking such things. The priest says Now we pray you. You cannot equal the gods, your children know that, bending a your alter. But we do rate you first of men, (39) demonstrating that they also believe that Oedipus is great. Oedipus was able to make the people of Thebes believe this because he was the only one that was able to solve the riddle of the Sphinx and thus he is greater than any man, but no one can equal the gods, but if man could I’m sure that the people would have compared Oedipus to them. Because of Oedipus’ confidence within himself, he believes that his decisions will always be correct, and because of that he tends to make quick decisions that eventually come back to harm him. Once Oedipus finds out why Thebes is suffering, he quickly condemns whoever it is that killed the previous king, Now my curse on the murderer. Whoever he is†¦ †¦let that man drag out his life in agony, step by painful step— I curse myself as well†¦ if by any chance he proves to be an intimate of our house†¦ may the curse I just called down on him strike me! (280) so by his rash de cision to condemn the murder he has unknowingly cursed himself in two ways. As the story continues on, it is as if Oedipus life is unraveling to him and to the audience. Throughout the remainder of the story, bits and pieces of Oedipus life are revealed to him, in some cases byShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King : A Classical Tragedy1272 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles’ Oedipus the King is a classical tragedy that derives its meaning through the experiences of its tragic hero, Oedipus. Throughout the play, the eminent characteristic of Oedipus is his ignorance of the truth that inevitably leads to his downfall. This ignorance of truth is a characteristic found within the Aristotelian definition of a tragedy. Tragedy, as defined by Aristotle in his Poetics, are imitations of actions and are not narrative. This means that tragedies are often demonstrated

Eagle Fire Department Staffing Analysis Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(93) " was holding trouble staffing for exigency calls that occurred during the twenty-four hours\." The job was the Eagle Fire Department lacks the cognition of whether or non a staffing alteration in 2003 has been effectual in run intoing the demands of community stakeholders by dramatically cut downing the mean clip it takes firemans to â€Å" turnout † for a call for service to an exigency scene. The intent of this research was to find if the staffing theoretical account that the Eagle Fire Department presently employs is effectual in supplying for a sufficient figure of forces when volunteer/paid-on-call employees are out of the community working at their regular occupations and are unavailable to reply exigency calls for service. This undertaking would carry on quantitative research to find to find if the 2003 staffing alteration resulted in a lessening of turnout clip to exigency calls for service by the organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Eagle Fire Department Staffing Analysis Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The research would uncover a important lessening in turnout clip when the section was staffed with on-premises forces. Introduction The Eagle Fire Department is a preponderantly volunteer/paid-on-call municipal fire section located in rural southwesterly Waukesha County, Wisconsin. A sleeping room community to the Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin metropolitan countries, Eagle lacked a sufficient degree of staffing during daytime exigency events in the community. To decide this, the community began funding paid-on-premises staffing in 2003. The job is the Eagle Fire Department lacks the cognition of whether or non the staffing alteration in 2003 has been effectual in run intoing the demands of community stakeholders by dramatically cut downing the mean clip it takes firemans to react to an exigency scene. A quantitative survey would necessitate to be conducted to turn to this issue. The intent of this research is to find if the staffing theoretical account that the Eagle Fire Department presently employs is effectual in supplying for a sufficient figure of forces when volunteer/paid-on-call employees are out of the community working at their regular occupations and are unavailable to reply exigency calls for service. If a staffing lack is identified, this research would show the demand for the Town and Village of Eagle to increase staffing beyond what is presently being provided. This undertaking would carry on appraising research to reply the undermentioned inquiries: a. ) what was the turnout clip during responses from 1996 – 2003 prior to the paid-on-premises staffing? B. ) what was the turnout clip during responses from 2003 – 2010 after paid-on-premises staffing was added? c. ) does the information discovered through research demonstrate that the Eagle Fire Department is run intoing province and federal guidelines that govern fire section staffing and response? e. ) Based on these consequences, should the Eagle Fire Department urge staffing alterations to the Town and Village of Eagle boards? Background and Significance Eagle, Wisconsin is a diverse community located in rural southwesterly Waukesha County, Wisconsin, about 35 stat mis from business district Milwaukee. The community is surrounded by the pristine lands of the Southern Kettle Moraine province wood which is regionally revered for its stat mis upon stat mis of hike, biking and snowmobiling trails. Because 40 % of Eagle is province Department of Natural Resources or nature conservancy land, the community is stifled by its inability to turn to the West and north and as a consequence, Eagle retains much of its small-town quaintness and capturing entreaty to occupants looking for an flight from the bunco and hustle of large metropolis life. Eagle is 36 square stat mis and is comprised of two separate municipalities: the Town and Village of Eagle, each of which retains full liberty from one another but works together and financess several joint community ventures such as the fire section, library, and park and diversion scheduling. The combined population of the community is 5,471. Like many little southeasterly Wisconsin communities, Eagle is considered a sleeping room community for the Milwaukee metropolitan country as most of the occupants work outside of the community during the twenty-four hours. Eagle is home to many concerns and industries and has a strong touristry base due to the province wood and Old World Wisconsin, which is a â€Å" life museum † tourer attractive force that accurately depicts the history of rural life by securing historical edifices and so traveling them to the museum site. Actors and actresses depict Wisconsin colonist life to funny and frequently baffled invitees. The community is served and protected by the preponderantly volunteer/paid-on-call Eagle Fire Department [ EFD ] , a full-service combination fire section. The section operates out of one fire station that is centrally located within the community and responds to all exigencies within the Town and Village of Eagle, every bit good as common assistance aid to adjacent communities. The Eagle Fire Department protects critical substructure which includes State Highways 59 and 67 every bit good as the Wisconsin and Southern Railroad, each of which bisects and transverses the full community. The section was originally organized in 1927 by a group of husbandmans who saw the demand for a fire section to protect the community. The mission of the organisation did non alter until about 50 old ages subsequently when in the early 1970 ‘s the section began supplying exigency medical services to the community through an ambulance plan. With the execution of exigency medical services, the preparation demands to go a voluntary fireman and exigency medical technician began increasing and the one-year call volume doubled from about 75 to 150 calls. The rank of the organisation remained strong with between 40 – 50 voluntaries on the roll at any given clip. During the 1980 ‘s and 1990 ‘s, province mandated preparation demands continued to increase and lodging developments began to shoot up as available farming area began to slowly lessening. Many more occupants of the community were transposing to work and were non able to volunteer as much clip to the organisation. As a consequence of the needed addition in preparation hours, rank began to easy worsen. In 2003 the organisation reached a hamlets and was holding trouble staffing for exigency calls that occurred during the twenty-four hours. You read "Eagle Fire Department Staffing Analysis Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" A determination was made to staff the fire station with paid-on-premises firefighter / exigency medical technicians who would work from 6:00 am – 6:00 autopsy Monday through Friday. This staffing agreement allowed at least one individual to reply a call for service while trusting on the voluntaries who were able to react during the twenty-four hours for extra work force. In 2006 the section hired a full-time calling Fire Chief to pull off the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours operations. The section is still staffed for 12 hours a twenty-four hours with paid-on-premises forces. During the eventide and nighttime hours, the community is entirely protected by its dedicated voluntary work force. Because the current staffing theoretical account still relies so to a great extent on the voluntary work force, it can be highly hard to foretell concern hours staff handiness which complicates the section ‘s ability to efficaciously react to exigency calls for service. There has ne’er been a conclusive survey done to find if the bing staffing theoretical account utilized by the Eagle Fire Department is effectual. As a consequence, the section is powerless to find if it should seek extra support to spread out the bing paid-on-premises plan, hire extra calling firemans, or remain position quo. Literature Review The literature reappraisal for this applied research undertaking focused on reexamining anterior research conducted on staffing preponderantly volunteer/paid-on-call fire sections and ordinances that exist at the province and federal degree that regulate or dictate fire section staffing. Staffing Models Harmonizing to Wilson ( 2009 ) , the stating â€Å" Do more with less † seems to hold been the unofficial slogan of the fire service for more than 200 old ages. Wilson affirms that there will come a clip when firemans will be able to make merely so much before on scene resources are depleted. From fires to EMS calls and everything in between, no affair how a individual looks at it, the fire service is the last line of defence when it comes to a community in an exigency state of affairs. So the outlook of making more with less is non appropriate to this occupation. Varone ( 1995 ) held that surveies have been conducted in respect to firefighter staffing and the increased efficiencies found with the addition of forces staffing but no conclusive surveies have been done to find if there is a correlativity between fireman staffing and on scene incident safety of forces. Varone discovered that informations from the Providence ( RI ) Fire Department staffing survey in 1990 – 1991 showed that reported hurts in the studied firefighting companies decreased from 42 during the control period when staffing was three members per setup [ fire truck ] , to 31 during the survey period when the survey companies were staffed with four members. This represented a 23.8 per centum decrease in hurts. Bay City, Michigan is no alien to cutbacks, holding closed a fire station in 2009 that led the firemans brotherhood and other outraged citizens to proclaim that shuting a fire station would do an addition in response times which would impact the quality of life for all occupants of the metropolis ( Editorial Board, 2011 ) . Harmonizing to the Bay City Times ‘ ( 2011 ) column board, Fire Chief Gregory Michalek told the City Commission that in 2009, the mean response clip was 5 proceedingss and 48 seconds. In 2010, the clip had plummeted about a minute, to 4 proceedingss 43 seconds. The National Fire Protection Association recommends response in less than 6 proceedingss. The betterment in Bay City is even though the quicker response would look to undersell the chief statement that the firemans brotherhood has made in recent old ages whenever metropolis functionaries bring up fire section budget cuts – that fewer Stationss and fewer firemans would be longer delaies until aid arrived at a fire or medical exigency. The Bay City Commission early in January 2010 decided to do lasting a impermanent closing of Station 5 at 1209 E. Smith St. in the Banks country. This was after a argument in 2009 over the shutting in which the firemans brotherhood warned, and occupants worried, approximately predicted longer delaies as fire crews responded to the country. That seemingly has n’t happened. Fire crews from the Central Fire Station at 1401 Center Ave. on the East Side and at Station 4, 212 Dean St. , on the West Side each are about three stat mis off from Fire Station 5 ( Editorial Board, 2011 ) . Internationally, Australia utilizes a nationalized voluntary fire system dwelling of over 60,000 voluntaries. These firemans, who respond in the rural countries of the state, supply the first line of defence against the 100s of 1000s of shrub fires that burn yearly. Because volunteer/paid-on-call firemans work in the field because they want to instead than depending on the occupation as a exclusive agency of income, voluntary keeping and occupation satisfaction is paramount ( Rice A ; Fallon, 2011 ) . Harmonizing to Rice A ; Fallon ( 2011 ) , unpaid motive can be conceptualized within the model of societal exchange theory – in order for voluntary attempts to be sustained over clip, the wagess to the voluntary must transcend, or at minimal, balance out the costs. The determination to go on volunteering is typically re-evaluated throughout the voluntary ‘s term of office, where appraisals are made about the comparative wagess and costs of their engagement. There must be a delicate balance when measuring staffing in a preponderantly volunteer/paid-on-call section. The demands of the community must be balanced with the keeping involvement within the voluntary corps. An extra factor that assists with voluntary keeping is acknowledgment and recognition. Despite high degrees of service bringing, it has been argued that those working within the exigency services in Australia experience a wide deficiency of acknowledgment. Recognition of voluntaries is of peculiar concern to exigency service bureaus given that organisational surveies repeatedly find that staff often quit in cases where they feel undervalued. Harmonizing to Janke ( 2009 ) and Compton A ; Graninto ( 2002 ) , staffing strategies are by and large a local issue and are dependent on the frequence of fires, budgetary considerations, the community hazard degree, and the demand for services. Other factors include the population protected, denseness of the population, and the type of constructions protected. In the terminal, staffing degrees may change widely from section to section. Keeping an unfastened duologue with members of the organisation is built-in to the success of any staffing theoretical account alteration. Laws and Standards Governing Fire Department Operations The United States fire service is efficaciously governed by a set of criterions that are established and reviewed every four old ages by the National Fire Protection Association [ NFPA ] . There are legion criterions that exist that govern fire section operations and the minimal figure of firemans that must be present on an exigency scene to prosecute in operations. NFPA 450, the Guide for Emergency Medical Services and Systems, Chapter 5, Section 5.5.2.3.4 provinces, â€Å" most experts agree that four respondents [ at least two trained in advanced cardiac life support ( ACLS ) and two trained in basic life support ( BLS ) ] are the lower limit required to supply ACLS to cardiac apprehension victims † ( National Fire Protection Association, 2009 ) . While it is by and large acknowledged by most fire sections that exigency medical services is the staff of life and butter of their operations, construction fires and incidents necessitating specialized deliverance accomplishments are really dependent on work force. NFPA 1720, the Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations by Volunteer Fire Departments, Chapter 4, Section 4.3.1 provinces that, â€Å" the fire section shall place lower limit staffing demands to guarantee that a sufficient figure of members are available to run safely and efficaciously. † Further, based on NFPA 1720, a matrix has been developed which indicates that the Eagle Fire Department should hold a minimal staff of six firemans respond to the scene within 14 proceedingss of the call for service and be able to run into that standard 80 % of the clip. However, one time on scene, National Fire Protection Association relates that between 19 and 23 forces typically constitute the first-alarm assignment to a confirmed single-family brooding fire, as observed by rating squads. However, non fewer than 24 firemans and two head officers, one or more safety officers, and a rapid intercession squad ( s ) should react to high-hazard tenancies ( schools, infirmaries, nursing places, explosive workss, refineries, high-rise edifices, and other high-life jeopardy or tenancies with big fire possible ) . Not fewer than 16 firemans, one head officer, a safety officer, and a rapid intercession squad should react to medium-hazard tenancies ( flats, offices, mercantile, and industrial tenancies non usually necessitating extended deliverance or firefighting forces ) . Not fewer than 14 firemans, one head officer, a safety officer, and a rapid intercession squad should react to low-hazard tenancies ( one- , two- , or three-family homes and scattered little concerns and industrial tenancies ) . At least 12 firemans, one head officer, a safety officer, and a rapid intercession squad shall react to rural dismaies ( scattered homes, little concerns, and a farm edifice ) ( National Fire Protection Association, 2008 ) . The Occupational Safety and Health Administration [ OSHA ] mandates that two firemans be equipped in full protective equipment with a ego contained take a breathing setup be stationed outside of an environment that is imminently unsafe to life and wellness. Dearly, this is known as the two in/two out regulation which requires a lower limit of four firemans to prosecute in structural firefighting operations. There is an exclusion to this regulation if a life safety jeopardy exists and if firemans moderately believe a deliverance can be made it is allowable to go against this regulation ( Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2008 ) . At the Wisconsin province degree, there are several steering administrative codifications that affect fire section scene operations. Wisconsin Comm. 30, the Fire Department Safety and Health Standards, do non proclaim a minimal staffing degree for operations straight, instead, the codification references antecedently cited NFPA and OSHA criterions. Based on the literature reappraisal, there is no constituted minimal degree of staffing that must be present expecting a call for service. Rather, systems must be designed such that when a call for service is received, the system responds in an expedient mode within the guidelines established at the province and federal degree. Hypothesiss The void hypothesis is that the 2003 staffing alteration of the Eagle Fire Department had no consequence on norm turnout clip. Alternate hypotheses include: ( a ) the staffing alteration in 2003 did hold an consequence on diminishing the norm turnout clip. ( B ) call type ( EMS, Fire, and MVA ) had an consequence, either positive or negative, on the norm turnout clip. ( degree Celsius ) winter months had an consequence, either positive or negative, on the norm turnout clip. Methodology The original research for this undertaking was initiated via the cyberspace where a cursory reappraisal of literature related to volunteer staffing both domestically and abroad was sought. Beginnings were so identified in an effort to find what guidelines and criterions exist at the province and federal degree to modulate fire section staffing and response. Eagle Fire Department staff were assigned to roll up and analyse run study statistics for calls for service that the organisation responded to from 1996 – 2010. With the exclusion of 2008 and 2009 calls for service, which were recorded electronically, all informations had to be entered into a database manually, from manus written records. Data sought was the day of the month of the call for service, the twenty-four hours of the hebdomad, the clip the call was dispatched, the clip the first unit responded en path to the call for service, the clip that the first unit arrived on scene, and the figure of forces that responded to the call for service. Because a alteration in staffing occurred in 2003, the information was analyzed to find if the alteration caused a lessening in the norm turnout clip – the elapsed clip between when the call is dispatched by the 911 centre until the clip that the first unit acknowledges en path. The information could be so be analyzed to find if the organisation was run intoing province and federal guidelines with respect to exigency response, if any exist. The dependant variable in this analysis is whether or non the station was staffed at the clip an exigency call for service was dispatched. Several independent variables were identified. First, the type of call for service is of import to find whether or non call fluctuation has an impact in the turnout clip. For this undertaking, calls for service were grouped into three chief classs: Fire, Emergency Medical Services ( EMS ) , and Motor Vehicle Accident ( MVA ) . Calls for service coded as â€Å" EMS † were all calls necessitating exigency medical services, whether it was advanced or basic life support. Calls were coded as â€Å" Fire † if the call for service was fire related such as a edifice fire, field fire, natural gas leak, or other public aid call. Finally, calls were coded as â€Å" MVA † if the call for service was for a motor vehicle accident. Other independent variables identified involved the month that a call for service occurred. This was of import because the conditions could play a important factor in response efficiency when the fire station was unstaffed. For the intent of this survey, the months of November, December, January, February, and March were identified as months that would hold the highest likeliness of snow and icy conditions which would halter the section ‘s ability to react quickly when volunteers/paid-on-call firemans had to react to the fire station to obtain equipment and setup. So that accurate statistics were identified as related entirely to the Town and Village of Eagle, common assistance calls to other organisations were excluded from this survey as they would ‘ve increased the mean response clip well due to the geographic location of the Eagle Fire Department and the distance the section must go to supply aid to other communities. While reacting common assistance to help another bureau, 20 – 30 minute travel times are non uncommon. From the information collected, arrested development analysis was conducted to find if the void hypothesis should be rejected or accepted. Arrested development analysis was chosen because it allows the research worker to show the strength of the relationship between the identified independent variables against the dependent variable of turnout clip. Multicollinearity would be investigated to find if two or more independent variables are extremely correlated. Based on the information gleaned from the survey, consequences would be presented to the Eagle Fire Commission and Town and Village of Eagle boards to inform them whether or non the section ‘s bing staffing theoretical account is effectual, and, if non, urge alterations for the hereafter. Consequences The first research undertaking sought to find the norm turnout clip of respondents prior to the paid-on-premises plan being implemented in 2003. The 2nd research inquiry dovetails on the first and sought to find the mean response clip after the paid-on-premises plan was implemented in 2003. There were 4084 instances, or calls for service, that the Eagle Fire Department responded to 1996 – 2010. From this information, it was determined when the station was and was non staffed. Turnout times were calculated from by deducting the clip the first unit went en path to a call for service from the clip that the call was dispatched. This was known as the TD to ER clip. Based on the information evaluated, it was determined that the Eagle Fire Department ‘s norm turnout clip was 4:02 for all calls for service that occurred 1996 – 2010. However, when the independent variable of staffing is introduced, there was a important decrease in the norm turnout clip to 2:23. When comparing the dependant and independent variables, the r-squared value is.404. Therefore, 40 % of the fluctuation in turnout clip can be explained by the independent variable which is the station being staffed. The incline between the dependant and independent variable of the station being staffed is -1.815. This indicates that when the station was staffed during a call for service, one can anticipate an mean clip turnout clip decrease of 1.815 proceedingss versus when the station was non staffed. Is the relationship between the dependant and independent variable statistically important? The t-score of -52.603 corresponds to a significance degree of 0.00, intending that there is a less than one in 1,000 opportunity that the relationship between turnout clip and the station being staffed is due to error. Insert table 1 here Insert table 2 here Based on these consequences, we can reject the void hypothesis and accept the alternate hypothesis. Staffing does hold an impact on the norm turnout clip of the Eagle Fire Department. There are several other variables that could hold an consequence on the norm turnout clip of the Eagle Fire Department. One illustration that could hold an consequence is the type of call for service that is being responded to. Calls for service such as construction fires or motor vehicle accidents require particular protective cogwheel that must be put on, or donned, prior to go forthing the fire station. Would these types of calls have an impact on turnout times? Harmonizing to the informations analyzed, exigency medical ( EMS ) calls for service were the baseline analyzed at 4.02. Calls affecting â€Å" fire † took somewhat longer to turnout for, with an norm of 4.134. The incline is somewhat different between the dependant and independent variables. For FIRE, the incline is.114 which indicates that when a call for service is related to fire, it takes an extra.114 proceedingss to turn out versus a standard EMS call. The t-score of 2.574 corresponds to a significance degree of 0.010, intending that there is a 10 % opportunity that the relationship between turnout clip and fire calls for service is due to error. Calls for service affecting motor vehicle accidents ( MVA ) took less clip to turnout for, averaging 3.998 proceedingss. For these calls for service, the incline is -.022 which indicates that when a call for service is related to MVA, it takes.022 fewer proceedingss to turn out versus a standard EMS call. The t-score of -.419 corresponds to a significance degree of 0.675, intending that there is a 67.5 % alteration that the relationship between turnout clip and fire calls for service is due to error. Insert table 2 here One other country that could hold an consequence on informations involves the clip of twelvemonth that a call for service is dispatched. Apparently, calls for service that occur in the winter months would hold an impact on unstaffed response times as the volunteer/paid-on-call employees must foremost react to the fire station before reacting to a scene. What impact do these months have on norm turnout clip? For the intents of this undertaking, winter months were considered to be November, December, January, February, and March as these were the months when Wisconsin snow and ice would reasonably impact the section ‘s ability to react in an efficient mode. Based on the information evaluated, it was determined that the Eagle Fire Department ‘s norm turnout clip was 4:00 for calls for service that occurred during these five months from 1996 – 2010. When comparing the dependant and independent variables, the r-squared value is.405. Therefore, 41 % of the fluctuation in turnout clip can be explained by the independent variables which are the clip of twelvemonth ( winter versus non-winter ) that a call for service was received. The incline between the dependant and independent variable of the winter months is varied between -0.092 to 0.073. This indicates that conditions did hold an impact on the norm turnout clip, though the alteration in norm was negligible. Is the relationship between the dependant and independent variable statistically important? The t-score scope identified corresponds to between an 18 % and 62 % opportunity that the relationship between turnout clip and the winter months identified is due to error. Insert table 6 here Insert table 8 here Tolerance and the discrepancy rising prices factor ( VIF ) are two statistical countries that help to set up if multicollinearity exists. A little tolerance value indicates that the variable under consideration is about a perfect additive combination of the independent variables already in the equation and that it should non be added to the arrested development equation. All variables involved in the additive relationship will hold a little tolerance. Some suggest that a tolerance value less than 0.1 should be investigated farther. If a low tolerance value is accompanied by big standard mistakes and nonsignificance, multicollinearity may be an issue. The VIF measures the impact of collinearity among the variables in a arrested development theoretical account. The Variance Inflation Factor ( VIF ) is 1/Tolerance, it is ever greater than or equal to 1. There is no formal VIF value for finding presence of multicollinearity. Valuess of VIF that exceed 10 are frequently regarded as bespea king multicollinearity, but in weaker theoretical accounts values above 2.5 may be a cause for concern. ( Research Consultants, 2010 ) . The consequences of this undertaking revealed that multicollinearity was non an issue. Tolerance was in surplus of 0.900 and VIF was between 1.0 and 2.2 for all independent variables. Insert table 2 here Insert table 8 here Decision The research has revealed that there are no Torahs or criterions necessitating communities to supply paid staffing on premises in their fire Stationss. The National Fire Protection Association, Occupational Health and Safety Administration, and the State of Wisconsin mandate lower limit staffing demands one time on scene of an exigency. The National Fire Protection Association ( NFPA ) recommends that calling fire sections, which are by and large comprised of full-time paid forces, turn out within 60 seconds ( National Fire Protection Association, 2010 ) . There is no known criterion that exists for voluntary or paid-on-call fire sections, nevertheless. Though most people would impute the â€Å" fire section † to merely seting out fires, in most instances 80 % + of all calls for service in an bureau are medical in nature. An unstaffed volunteer/paid-on-call fire section must hold first respondents go to the fire station, obtain the necessary setup, and so react to the exigency scene. In some instances, this oversight in clip is O.K. as the nature of unwellness is minor and lives are non at interest. In other instances, the badness can be much higher and seconds can do the difference between life and decease. In a sudden cardiac apprehension, when a victim ‘s bosom stops all of a sudden whipping, there are merely proceedingss with which bystanders and exigency medical technicians can impact a deliverance. The encephalon needs a changeless supply of O and foods to map. Cerebral hypoxia occurs when there is non adequate O acquiring to the encephalon because the bosom is non pumping any blood throughout the system. Brain cells are highly sensitive to a deficiency of O. Some encephalon cells start deceasing less than 5 proceedingss after their O supply disappears. As a consequence, encephalon hypoxia can quickly do terrible encephalon harm or decease ( Hoch, 2011 ) . Though the literature reappraisal revealed that NFPA 450 does non mandate a minimal figure of respondents present on premises available to react, the criterion does urge at least four people to supply effectual advanced life support attention ( National Fire Protection Association, 2009 ) . The information revealed that the Eagle Fire Department ‘s response clip is an norm of 4:02 when the station is unstaffed. This leaves 58 seconds for an ambulance to make a victim ‘s place to get down supplying resuscitative attention to a sudden cardiac apprehension victim before lasting encephalon harm consequences. With a response country of 36-square stat mis, this can be a daunting challenge. Harmonizing to Compton and Granito ( 2002 ) , fire suppression operations have three basic maps: ( 1 ) deliverance, ( 2 ) work affecting ladder, physical entry, and airing, and ( 3 ) the application of H2O. To raise ladders, ventilate, hunt, and deliverance at the same time takes speedy action by at least four and frequently eight or more firemans, each under the supervising of an officer. If approximately 16 trained firemans are non runing at the scene of a on the job fire within the critical clip period, so dollar loss and hurts are significantly increased as is fire spread. As firefighting tactics were conducted and judged for effectivity, the writers held that five-person companies ( squads ) were 100 % effectual at executing these undertakings in an expeditious mode. Four-person companies were 65 % effectual, and three-person companies were 38 % effectual. Under the current staffing matrix of the Eagle Fire Department, during current staffed periods, the section operates at the two-person company degree whose effectivity as non been measured. When the section is unstaffed, the section typically operates at a three or four-person company though response can significantly detain due to the handiness of volunteer/paid-on-call employees and their single response to the fire station to obtain equipment and setup. In a 2008 study, the Eagle Fire Department concluded that in order to increase staffing to one individual, 24 hours per twenty-four hours, a budget addition of $ 87,000 would be needed to fund this plan, non including capital disbursals needed to upgrade the fire section installation to suit nightlong staffing. In order to supply four fireman / exigency medical technicians on a full-time footing, twenty four hours a twenty-four hours, the section would necessitate to budget about $ 1.5-million yearly for wages and benefits. This would ensue in a 600 % addition of the current operating budget. This option was non financially executable ( Heim, 2008 ) . This undertaking has revealed, nevertheless, that staffing the fire station does supply a touchable benefit of cut downing the norm turnout clip by about half. Though the current staffing matrix merely provides for one exigency respondent, there is a batch that one individual can make at a medical scene or fire until auxiliary staff arrives from the volunteer/paid-on-call ranks. Expanding this plan to twenty four hr coverage would be of important benefit to the community as it would let the section to react efficiently and run into the demands of community stakeholders. The challenge in implementing such a plan will be to procure gross to fund the plan. Expanding coverage would still necessitate an extra $ 87,000 yearly and revenue enhancement levy restrictions would most likely prevent the municipalities from implementing such a plan without seeking a referendum. A 2009 Town of Eagle referendum that was proposed to supply support to staff the paid-on-call plan failed with a 3-1 bord er ( Nixon, 2009 ) . Several restrictions were encountered while carry oning research for this undertaking. First, bing informations keeping policies limit the records kept in storage to the old 15 old ages. Records older than 15 old ages are destroyed. Therefore, information was merely available from 1996 – 2010 which allowed for seven old ages of unstaffed and eight old ages of staffed responses to be evaluated. This disparity may somewhat skew the consequences. Second, the Eagle Fire Department switched despatch bureaus in 2006. It is the despatch bureau ‘s duty to keep accurate records of clip, nevertheless it is acknowledged that during times of heightened call volumes, the starter may non hold been wholly accurate in entering all times. This disparity may somewhat skew the consequences, though the discrepancy is expected to be minimum. Further rating should be done to formalize the consequences of this survey finding if other like-sized fire sections that have undergone staffing alterations which involved transitioning from an unstaffed fire station to one that is staffed have experienced the same decrease in norm turnout clip. Additionally, surveies should be done in volunteer/paid-on-call fire sections to find if on-premises staffing as an consequence on the loss of life and belongings loss as a consequence of fire. How to cite Eagle Fire Department Staffing Analysis Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Strategic Financial Analysis Accounting and Reporting

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Financial Analysis for Accounting and Reporting. Answer: Introduction: The forecasting of data has some limitation that need to be kept in mind while performing forecasting. The forecasting is done on assumptions that can be change in future and the actual result may not match with the forecasted result. The forecasting is calculated on the basis of historical data and there is no guarantee that the factors and conditions in the past will continue into the future. Therefore, it can be said that the results are based on assumptions (Elliott and Elliott, 2008). Assumptions can be dangerous as the business environment keep on changing that will affect the future results. The forecasting of financial statements shows the actual value of a company in future. The operations of the company are influenced by different factors that cannot be included as the variable. In worst scenario, the management of the company becomes slave to the historical data and they start worrying about whether the business will grow or not (Hillier, 2010). However, forecasting allows the company to plan ahead as well as evaluating future challenges and opportunities. The investors also analyses the future development of a company and analyses the forested results. Therefore, the forecasting result influences the investment decisions of the investors. If the forecasted result is positive then the decisions of the investors will be influenced in positive way and if the forecasted result is negative then the decisions of the investors will be influenced in negative way (Holton, 2012). The financial performance of Cochlear Limited has been forecasted in order to determine and evaluate the value of the company. Valuation summary using various methodologies under varying scenarios Beginning book value Value of forecast period Value beyond forecast horizon Total value equity Value per share Scenario 1 - Persistent abnormal performance Abnormal earnings 302,825 27,212 59,526 389,563 2.03 Abnormal ROE 302,825 27,212 59,526 389,563 2.03 Free cash flows to equity n/a 180,380 220,610 400,990 2.09 Scenario 2 - Persistent abnormal performance Abnormal earnings 302,825 38,639 55,032 396,496 2.07 Abnormal ROE 302,825 38,639 55,032 396,496 2.07 Free cash flows to equity n/a 199,643 196,081 395,724 2.07 Scenario 3 - Persistent abnormal performance Abnormal earnings 302,825 27,212 59,526 389,563 2.03 Abnormal ROE 302,825 27,212 59,526 389,563 2.03 Free cash flows to equity n/a 220,610 192,807 413,417 2.16 Scenario 4 - Persistent abnormal performance Abnormal earnings 302,825 27,212 -4 330,033 1.72 Abnormal ROE 302,825 27,212 -4 330,033 1.72 Free cash flows to equity n/a 180,380 220,610 400,990 2.09 Weighted average number of shares (Annual report Note) 191,615 The share value analysis helps to estimate the value and actual performance of company during a period of time. The discount dividend valuation method is the most commonly used to method to estimate the price of share and easiest to understand. The stock of the company can be valued without taking into account the market conditions (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2007). The market value of the company can be determined with the help of this model. The investors also analyses the share price of the company in order to determine and evaluate the value of the company. The discount dividend valuation method calculates the share price of the company that helps the investors to take investment decision. The price multiple uses the share price of the firm in conjunction with specific per share method in order to evaluate the financial situation of the company (Moles, 2011). Therefore, it combines the performance of the company with the stock price of the company. The valuation techniques hel p to determine and evaluate the value of the company. The investors and shareholders analyses the financial performance of the company during a specific period of time. The share valuation technique has been used to determine and evaluate the market value of Cochlear Limited (Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson, 2011). PV of forecast period (abn earnings) 27,212 PV of forecast period (abn ROE) 27,212 PV of forecast period (free cash flows to equity) 180,380 PV of forecast period (abn NOPAT) 38,639 PV of forecast period (abn ROA) 38,639 PV of forecast period (free cash flows to capital) 192,807 Terminal values (abn earnings) 59,526 Terminal values (abn ROE) 59,526 Terminal values (free cash flows to equity) 220,610 Terminal values (abn NOPAT) 59,526 Terminal values (abn ROA) 59,526 Terminal values (free cash flows to capital) 312,809 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2026 (Terminal value) Capital structure % net debt 25.0% 25.5% 26.0% 26.5% 27.0% 27.5% 28.0% 28.5% 29.0% 29.5% 30.0% % equity 75.0% 74.5% 74.0% 73.5% 73.0% 72.5% 72.0% 71.5% 71.0% 70.5% 70.0% Cost of capital Debt % 4.90% 4.90% 4.90% 4.90% 4.90% 4.90% 4.90% 4.90% 4.90% 4.90% 4.90% Equity % 8.48% 8.48% 8.48% 8.48% 8.48% 8.48% 8.48% 8.48% 8.48% 8.48% 8.48% WACC % 7.59% 7.57% 7.55% 7.53% 7.51% 7.50% 7.48% 7.46% 7.44% 7.42% 7.41% References Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. (2008).Financial accounting and reporting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Hillier, D. (2010).Corporate finance. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Holton, R. (2012).Global finance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Kieso, D., Weygandt, J. and Warfield, T. (2007).Intermediate accounting. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Moles, P. (2011).Corporate finance. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Spiceland, J., Sepe, J. and Nelson, M. (2011).Intermediate accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Stittle, J. and Wearing, B. (2008).Financial accounting. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Wild, J. (2005).Financial accounting. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Socratic Notes Seminar free essay sample

The law wasnt really around the areas that werent highly populated and things were stolen, people were killed and many bad things were going on because there was no one to stop them except other people with guns. Well†look, were gonna work on a ranch like the one we come from up north. (Steinbeck 7) 8. What possible messages are contained in the novellas conclusion? Themes? Some possible messages in the conclusion Of Mice and Men are, the question of the act of euthanasia Justified, is killing someone ever okay, how does the human brain work when its disabled? Some of the themes in the book are rabbits, a goal that Lennie would like to achieve because he wants to tend the rabbits and look after them. Another theme is death, throughout the book, people and animals die. Candys dog, the mice, the snake, Curlers wife, Lennie, the puppies and Lennies aunt Clara. We will write a custom essay sample on Socratic Notes Seminar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 9. Is taking another humans life ever Justified? Euthanasia: Good death, term from the Greek, right to die, assisted suicide, mercy killing Dr. Kevorkian (Dr. Death) the plug, but her parents wanted to keep her alive Indirect and Direct classification of euthanasia Indirect means the patient takes the step that induces death Indirect can be done when a clinician purposely prescribes a large enough dose of a drug to kill you Indirect euthanasia is legal in Oregon as a result of the Death with Dignity Act Direct means another person takes the step to induce death for you Three forms of Direct Euthanasia: 1 . Voluntary: With patient consent, physician induces death . Nonvoluntary: patient is not capable of making their own decisions to live or die and is killed without consent or knowledge 3. Involuntary: The patient chooses to live, but is killed regardless of their decision Direct euthanasia is illegal in every US state, but both direct and indirect euthanasia are legal in Belgium and the Netherlands The National Right to Life Committie (NRLC) is the largest prolife organization and was founded in June, 1973 in response to the Roe vs. Wade, the Supreme Court decision to legalize abortion Lennie had gotten himself into trouble and if it werent or George, Lennie would have been tortured and killed in a way that he wouldnt deserve. If George hadnt killed Lennie, he would have been lynched, hung or shot in a gruesome way. you go yellin, he said, and he shook her; and her body flopped like a fish. (Steinbeck 89). But Candy said excitedly, We oughtta let him Im get away. You dont know that Curley. Curley gonta wanta get im lynched. Curleyll get im killed. (Steinbeck 91). George watched candys lips. mieah, he said at last, thats right, Curley will. An the other guys will. And he looked back at Curleys wife. (Steinbeck 91-92).

Enthalpy change of neutralisation Essays

Enthalpy change of neutralisation Essays Enthalpy change of neutralisation Essay Enthalpy change of neutralisation Essay I familiarised myself with the Material Safety Data Sheets of toxic substances. PLANNING (A) Enthalpy (H)1 The sum of the internal energy of the system plus the product of the pressure of the gas in the system and its volume: Esys is the amount of internal energy, while P and V are respectively pressure and volume of the system. To measure the enthalpy we have to first figure out the mass of a substance under a constant pressure and determine the internal energy of the system. The enthalpy change (H)2 is the amount of heat released or absorbed when a chemical reaction occurs at constant pressure. The standard enthalpy change of neutralization3 is the change in enthalpy that occurs when an acid and base undergo a neutralization reaction to form one mole of water under standard conditions (298k and 1atm), i.e. react to produce water and a salt. It is a special case of the standard enthalpy change of reaction. HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) H+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Na+ + Cl- + H2O H+ + OH-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ H2O Heat energy = ms?T. The amount of reat required will depend on how much of the substance there is to heat, what is it made of and the amount by which the temperature is increased. Hypothesis: If the temperature of a given substance is known, we may calculate the enthalpy of this substance. Prediction: The results of this experiment will probably be similar for sets of different acids and hydroxides. Different concentrations of the same acid will not influence the enthalpy of neutralisation. Assumptions: The density of acids is equal to the density of water and amounts to 1.00 g cm-3 Key variables: m mass of a substance in grams s specific heat capacity in J g-1 K-1 ?T the amount by which the temperature is increased in K PLANNING (B) Requirements: 1 burette (25 ml) 2 beakers 3 calibrated flasks (500 ml) 1 plastic bottle (1500 ml) phenolphthalein Procedure: We were provided with 2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid (HCl), 2 mol dm-3 nitric acid (HNO3), 2 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide (KOH), 2 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 4 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide (NaOH). 1. We measured 30 cm3 of approximately of 2 mol dm-3 nitric acid into the beaker. 2. We took the temperature of the nitric acid and recorded it in table 1. 3. We measured 30 cm3 of approximately of 2 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide into the beaker. 4. We took the temperature of the sodium hydroxide and recorded it in table 1. 5. Subsequently we added the NaOH to the HNO3 and stirred the mixture carefully with the thermometer. 6. While mixing we recorded the maximum temperature of the solution. 7. We repeated it 5 times with different sets of acids and hydroxides. a) hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide b) hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide c) nitric acid and potassium hydroxide d) nitric acid and sodium hydroxide e) hydrochloric acid and 4 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide DATA COLLECTION a) HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) H+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Na+ + Cl- + H2O H+ + OH-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ H2O Amount of hydrochloric acid 30 cm3 Temperature of hydrochloric acid 20.0 oC Amount of sodium hydroxide 30 cm3 Temperature of sodium hydroxide 20.0 oC Amount of the mixture 60 cm3 Temperature of the mixture 31.0 oC Table 1. b) HCl (aq) + KOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ KCl (aq) + H2O (l) Amount of hydrochloric acid 30 cm3 Temperature of hydrochloric acid 21.0 oC Amount of potassium hydroxide 30 cm3 Temperature of potassium hydroxide 20.0 oC Amount of the mixture 60 cm3 Temperature of the mixture 32.0 oC Table 2. c) HNO3 (aq) + KOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) Amount of nitric acid 30 cm3 Temperature of nitric acid 23.0 oC Amount of potassium hydroxide 30 cm3 Temperature of potassium hydroxide 20.5 oC Amount of the mixture 60 cm3 Temperature of the mixture 33.0 oC Table 3. d) HNO3 (aq) + NaOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ NaNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) Amount of nitric acid 30 cm3 Temperature of nitric acid 24.5 oC Amount of sodium hydroxide 30 cm3 Temperature of sodium hydroxide 21.0 oC Amount of the mixture 60 cm3 Temperature of the mixture 33.0 oC Table 4. e) HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) Amount of hydrochloric acid 30 cm3 Temperature of hydrochloric acid 20.5 oC Amount of 4 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide 30 cm3 Temperature of 4 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide 22.5 oC Amount of the mixture 60 cm3 Temperature of the mixture 33.0 oC Table 5. DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION Heat required = ms?T m =d V n = c V ?T = Tmix (T1 + T2) ?H = heat required * 1/n s = 4.18 J g-1 K-1 The amount of heat required to heat the water can be calculated as follows (we assume that the heat energy required to change the temperature of the other substances present may be ignored): a) HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) V = 60 cm3 d = 1.00 g cm-3 m = d V = 60 cm3 * 1.00 g cm-3 = 60 g ?T = Tmix 1/2(T1 + T2) = 31.0 oC 20.0 oC = 11.0 oC heat required = ms?T = 60.0 g * 4.18 J g-1 K-1 * 11.0 oC = 2758 J = 2.758 kJ nHCl = c V = 2 mol dm-3 * 0.3 dm-3 = 0.06 moles nNaOH = c V = 2 mol dm-3 * 0.3 dm-3 = 0.06 moles ?H = heat required * 1/n = 2.758 kJ * 1/0.06 moles = 45.97 kJ mol-1 ?H = 45.97 kJ mol-1 b) HCl (aq) + KOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ KCl (aq) + H2O (l) V = 60 cm3 d = 1.00 g cm-3 m = d V = 60 cm3 * 1.00 g cm-3 = 60 g ?T = Tmix 1/2(T1 + T2) = 32.0 oC 20.5 oC = 10.5 oC heat required = ms?T = 60.0 g * 4.18 J g-1 K-1 * 10.5 oC = 2633.40 J = 2.633 kJ nHCl = c V = 2 mol dm-3 * 0.3 dm-3 = 0.06 moles nKOH = c V = 2 mol dm-3 * 0.3 dm-3 = 0.06 moles ?H = heat required * 1/n = 2.633 kJ * 1/0.06 moles = 43.88 kJ mol-1 ?H = 43.88 kJ mol-1 c) HNO3 (aq) + KOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) V = 60 cm3 d = 1.00 g cm-3 m = d V = 60 cm3 * 1.00 g cm-3 = 60 g ?T = Tmix 1/2(T1 + T2) = 33.0 oC 21.75 oC = 11.25 oC heat required = ms?T = 60.0 g * 4.18 J g-1 K-1 * 11.25 oC = 2821.50 J = 2.822 kJ nHCl = c V = 2 mol dm-3 * 0.3 dm-3 = 0.06 moles nKOH = c V = 2 mol dm-3 * 0.3 dm-3 = 0.06 moles ?H = heat required * 1/n = 2.822 kJ * 1/0.06 moles = 47.03 kJ mol-1 ?H = 47.03 kJ mol-1 d) HNO3 (aq) + NaOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ NaNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) V = 60 cm3 d = 1.00 g cm-3 m = d V = 60 cm3 * 1.00 g cm-3 = 60 g ?T = Tmix 1/2(T1 + T2) = 33.0 oC 22.75 oC = 10.25 oC heat required = ms?T = 60.0 g * 4.18 J g-1 K-1 * 10.25 oC = 2570.70 J = 2.571 kJ nHCl = c V = 2 mol dm-3 * 0.3 dm-3 = 0.06 moles nKOH = c V = 2 mol dm-3 * 0.3 dm-3 = 0.06 moles ?H = heat required * 1/n = 2.751 kJ * 1/0.06 moles = 45.85 kJ mol-1 ?H = 45.85 kJ mol-1 e) HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) V = 60 cm3 d = 1.00 g cm-3 m = d V = 60 cm3 * 1.00 g cm-3 = 60 g ?T = Tmix 1/2(T1 + T2) = 33.0 oC 21.5 oC = 11.5 oC heat required = ms?T = 60.0 g * 4.18 J g-1 K-1 * 11.5 oC = 2884.20 J = 2.884 kJ nHCl = c V = 2 mol dm-3 * 0.3 dm-3 = 0.06 moles nKOH = c V = 2 mol dm-3 * 0.3 dm-3 = 0.06 moles ?H = heat required * 1/n = 2.884 kJ * 1/0.06 moles = 48.07 kJ mol-1 ?H = 48.07 kJ mol-1 CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION As we can see from the results above, the prediction made at the very beginning of this lab was correct. Neither type of acid or base nor the concentration of acid does not have influence on the enthalpy of neutralisation. Hence we may assume that the enthalpy of neutralisation is equal to the enthalpy change for H+ + OH-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ H2O. The enthalpy change for this reaction, however, is -57.9 kJ mol-1. The differences between my results and the theoretical value may come from the fact that the measurements were not very accurate. The temperatures of the acids, bases and mixtures might have been influenced by cool beakers. Therefore the temperatures were a bit lower than they should have been. If the ?T was higher by 3oC, the enthalpy of neutralisation would be almost the same as in the sources. I do not know how to improve the experiment so that data gathered will be similar to theoretical values. I reckon in classroom conditions such mistake is not a serious one.

The History of the Drug Krokodil

The History of the Drug Krokodil Krokodil is the street name for desomorphine an opiate-like drug similar to and a substitute for heroin used by addicts. Krokodil or desomorphine began its history as a patented drug. US patent 1980972 was issued to chemist, Lyndon Frederick Small for a Morphine Derivative and Processes on November 13, 1934. The drug was briefly manufactured and marketed by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche under the brand name of Permonid but was abandoned as a commercial product for its short shelf life and highly addictive nature. In the early 2000s, the drug resurfaced in Russia as krokodil, a home-brewed heroin substitute that takes about thirty minutes to manufacture from codeine pills and other substances. The home brewing of this drug includes the inclusion of impurities and toxic substances that have lead to some horrific consequences for users. Krokodil (Russian for crocodile) is named after one of the drugs major side effect, the greenish and scaly appearance of the damaged and rotting skin of users. Take one look at this Huffington Post video report and youll be quickly convinced never to try this drug. If You Dont Want It - Recycled Patents Many illicit street drugs (and even semi-legal ones) have had their origins in legitimate research done by pharmaceutical companies, research that has even resulted in patents being issued. For example, organic chemist John Huffman was the unwitting inventor of a synthetic version of marijuana. A few enterprising individuals read John Huffmans research on synthetic cannabinoids and began manufacturing and selling synthetic marijuana products such as Spice. These products were legal for a short spell of time, however, in most places they are no longer legal. Another popular street drug is MDMA or Molly as it is now called. The original formula for Molly was patented in 1913 by Merck, a German chemical company. Molly was intended to be a diet pill, however, Merck decided against marketing the drug and abandoned it. MDMA was made illegal in 1983, seventy years after it was originally invented. Heroin was once a registered trademark belonging to Bayer, the same folks that invented aspirin. A method of manufacturing heroin from the opium poppy was developed in 1874, as a substitute for morphine, and believe or not was used as a cough suppressant. The mind-bending psychedelic drug LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann while working for Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland. However, it was a few years before Albert Hofmann realized what he had invented. Until 1914, cocaine was legal and even an ingredient in the soft drink Coca-Cola. The method of manufacturing cocaine from the coca leaf was invented in the 1860s. Lyndon Frederick Small 1897- 1957 A 1931 Time Magazine article discusses the work of Frederick Small Lyndon in relation to the growing opiate epidemic in the United States. ....the Bureau of Social Hygiene gave the National Research Council funds for a study of drug addiction and the invention of a drug which would do for medicine everything which the habit-forming drugs do, yet not cause habit itself. Such a harmless, beneficial drug would make the manufacture of the baneful drugs needless. Then they could be completely suppressed. Council discovered Dr. Lyndon Frederick Small, just returned from two years of study in Europe, at the University of Virginia and financed a special laboratory for him. Out of a coal tar product called phenanthrene he has synthesized several drugs which closely resemble the chemical structure and physiological action of morphine. He sends them to Professor Charles Wallis Edmunds of the University of Michigan who tests them on animals. The two are confident that within perhaps a few months they will have an authentic drug which will not make, as morphine, heroin and opium do, pasty-faced, emaciated, depraved liars, out of its users.

Trend analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trend analysis - Essay Example The clothing line is always in fashion and adjusted to the changing trends. In addition to this, the clothes and accessories are 100 % US made and their designing and manufacturing is not outsourced to other countries. 1. COUTURE CLASSIC: Couture classic is the main source of revenue for the company. It is targeted towards people who love distinctive fabric. The clothes are hand-tailored and cover tailored shirts, pants, vests and leather jackets. According to the company’s sales person, the collection is aimed for high stitching and high sewing. The clothes are custom made and designed according to the requirements of private clients. Keeping in view the company’s product line, the competition in the fashion industry of Los Angeles is very intense. The largest concentrations of fashion designers work in either California or New York. Los Angeles ranks as a global fashion center (industry information of fashion designers). It is the largest manufacturing area in the western U.S. and home of many top designers. A short look at the competitors of Couture, the clothing company is given below: 1. DOMESTIC COMPETITORS: The local competitors of couture are Juicy couture, Oscar de la Renta, Cherokee jeans, 1921 Denim, Butterfly dropout, Affliction clothing, Antic denim, Davinci clothing, Catch a fire clothing, Salvage, Smet clothing etc. These designers cover the â€Å"breadth of clothing lines† under their roofs (Los Angeles fashion industry profile 12) 2. INTERNATIONAL COMETITORS: The international labels competing in the fashion industry of LA, California are Nike, Crossroads, Armani, Levis, Adidas, Diesel, Dolce and Gabbana, Gucci, Armani, Versace, Fendi, Prada, Copula, Ebba etc. In addition to this, the retail and wholesale stores in LA fashion district has made the clothing industry much more competitive. Therefore, Couture has to use forward looking strategies

The use of undrained triaxial test Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The use of undrained triaxial test - Lab Report Example The graph for normal stress against a shear stress is gives a straight line from the origin. This insinuates that for both shear stresses, an increase in normal pressure applied leads to increase in shear stress. Further, from the graph it is obvious that shear strength yields a greater frictional angle and failure envelope than that for the residual strength as expected for soils.With application of the masses, shear stress initially increased rapidly upto a certain point, after-which the increase reduced. Generally, this shows that with increasing loads, the shear stresses also increase. As shown in the graph, there is a strong positive increase observed in the value of shear strength upto the peak point where the slope starts to decrease into a shallow gradient. It is at this point that the residual stress is observed. The range for effective angles of friction range between 35 degrees for dense sands and 27 degrees for loose sands (Helwany, 2007, 107). Our results fall into these values that gives a medium density outcome for our sample. Consequently, the results are in line with the expectations that the peak strength should be greater than residual strength of the soil.Even though the experiment was successful in meeting its objective, there might have been sources of errors leading to slight deviations witnessed. Most obvious source is human errors arising when taking the readings from the instruments used. Further, there might have been mistakes when setting up the apparatus such as the shear box.

Challenges of Raising a Disabled Child Essay Example for Free

Challenges of Raising a Disabled Child Essay Caring for a child with a disability can be challenging due to parenting responsibilities and the difficulties they encounter when interacting with an often unreceptive environment. Consequently, parents can be at increased risk for excessive levels of personal distress which in turn can adversely affect the well being of the child and the entire family unit (Plant Sanders, 2007). Parents of children with disabilities can be at an increased risk for psychosocial distress (Parish, Rose, Grinstein-Weiss, Richman Andrews, 2008; Plant Sanders, 2007). The parenting responsibilities for parents of children with disabilities often require a significant amount of time to complete, can be physically demanding, can disrupt family and social relationships, and can adversely affect caregiver employment (Brannen Heflinger, 2006; Seller Heller, 1997). Perhaps as a consequence of these additional impacts, family caregivers of children with disabilities can be at increased risk to experience depression, physical health problems, and decreased quality of life (Feldman, et al. , 2007; Ones, Yilmaz, Cetinkaya, Calgar, 2002). The added challenges of caring for a child with a disability may lead to more stress and greater physical and emotional health risks for parents and their families (e. g. , increased conflict with spouse; Murphy, Christian, Caplin Young, 2006) compared to families without a child with a disability (Feldman et al. , 2007). This topic is particularly personal for me because I know first hand the psychological affects and challenges that a handicap child could have on parents, family members, and friends. My son was two months when I notice that something just wasn’t right with him. I noticed him favoring one side instead of looking straight ahead. I mentioned my concerns to our family doctor. His doctor didn’t see it as a problem. She said to just continue to watch him. Two months passed and still no change, so at his next appointment I expressed my concern again. I insisted that she run tests on my son immediately. I knew something seemed different; I just couldn’t put my finger on it. I had already had two other boys so something just didn’t sit right with me. The doctor sent my son to be tested at University of Maryland Hospital and my son was diagnosed with Hydrocephalus Dandywalker Malformation with Palsy. He had to have surgery at six months to have a shunt placement to drain the water from his brain. I was devastated. My husband and I went through several defense mechanisms. The first I believe was denial. We didn’t want to face the fact that something was wrong with our child, our baby. He seemed so perfect when he was born just a few months ago. We went through repression, rationalization and intellectualization. We couldn’t wrap our minds around the fact that our child would be different from other children. Nobody wants to believe that something is wrong with their child. I felt a little embarrassed for fear of what people might think about our child or what someone would say. So many things raced around my mind. We wanted to blame the doctors; maybe they did something wrong in my prenatal care. I went over in my mind again and again of every little thing I did when pregnant to ensure that I had did everything I was supposed to do. I didn’t drink, smoke or do drugs. What happened? We tried to search our family history genetics. We just came up empty. My husband and I became depressed, frustrated, and angry. I felt helpless about my son’s condition. I wasn’t sure what to do. Finally, I began to investigate my son’s condition. I read all I could get my hands on. I searched for schools and other medical resources to help me address my son’s needs. In the back of my mind I was still trying to make sense of the fact that my son had a developmental and neurological problem that would affect him for the rest of his life. I wondered what restrictions we would face now and in the future. I still wasn’t sure if I could cope with his lack of development neurologically, physically, mentally or emotionally. I began to question God. I wondered why me. I wasn’t sure if I would have to stop working. I wondered how we as a family would work together to stay a family. I had so many questions, but no answers. I prayed asking God for help and guidance. Later, I began to realize that I had to be strong. I had to accept what the reality was with my son and his disability. It hasn’t been easy. We faced many financial problems, medical issues, several hospitalizations for my son, divorce; daycare issues especially since my son needed twenty four hour daycare. Day care is very expensive as well as diapers and wipes for disabled children. Insurance covers some things but not enough. A person has to be making next to nothing in order to get any assistance from the government; we needed assistance regardless of what we made monetary. I would have never known what disabled families went through to get their voice heard and children’s needs assisted unless I had to face these great challenges myself. So much goes into raising a child with disabilities. There are many variables that factor into taking care of a disabled child. Financial hardships are another important factor that influences parents’ wellbeing. In general families with children with disabilities experience much higher expenditures than other families (Newacheck and Kim, 2005) found that, on average, the total annual health care expenditures for children with disabilities were more than three times as much compared to children without disabilities. The financial strain incurred by families of children with disabilities is likely due to increased expenses related to the child’s needs as well as loss of employment or inability to work because of parenting responsibilities (Murphy et al. , 2006; Parish et al. 2008; Worcester et al. , 2008). Inability to engage in employment can also lead to feelings of isolation, a lack of fulfillment and low self-esteem (Shearn Todd, 2000). Families of children with disabilities often report feeling isolated from the community (Freedman Boyer, 2000; Worcester et al. , 2008). What I’ve learned from researching the challenges of raising a child with disabilities; as well as being a parent of a disabled child is that there is still so much more to be done. There is still research that hasn’t been touched regarding parents and their disable children. We the parents have to be the voices for our disable children. We have to be better informed about what our disabled children rights are. We have to be willing and ready to fight on behalf of our disable children. Parents and state officials have to work to get better laws passed to accommodate disabled children. Disabled children need better health care programs, better schools; a place for them to be themselves. Parents need a place to relax and not have to worry about dirty looks that people who don’t have disabled children give them. Parents shouldn’t have to feel ashamed that they have disabled children. We shouldn’t be looked down upon because our children are different. Our children shouldn’t be bullied or treated like they are worthless. Our children are special. They deserve the best that we can help them to achieve in life. They deserve a chance like the rest of us. We’ve got to come together and help each other to provide a better life for all! The questions we should ask researchers to study are many. One could be what’s being done to assist parents with disabled children? Are there programs to assist parents in child care for disabled children? Normal daycare centers are for infants through 12 years of age. As of today my disabled son is 16 years old and there’s really no day care for children his age. Another question is why do they go according to parents’ income in order to assist with social security disability? A parent shouldn’t have to be jobless in order to obtain assistance from social security disability. Yet a person who walks into social security disability and say my back hurt or that they have a condition can obtain money; work the system while the truly disabled suffer. There are so many people working the disability system and really aren’t disabled. We have to help the programs we have for our disabled children actually help the disabled children. In conclusion caring for a child with a disability can be challenging, but many of these challenges are likely due to a lack of necessary environmental supports. Future research should expand on these findings and policy makers, scientists and providers should give particular attention to the environmental support needs of parents in order to create policies and interventions that are more family centered.

The Sexual Expression of Women in Thomas Hardys Writing Essay

The Sexual Expression of Women in Thomas Hardy's Writing The nineteenth-century woman was defined by her adherence to submission and resistance to sexuality. She was portrayed by most writers as a naive, accepting figure with strong concerns about living up to the prescribed societal ideals for a respectable woman. The women in Jane Austen's novels offer a clear representation of the nineteenth-century woman. Austen refuses these women any sexual expression and focuses more upon their concern with marriage and society. Thomas Hardy resists Austen's socially accepted depiction of the female with his radically independent heroines. Hardy redefines the role of women in his novels, focusing on sexuality. By emphasizing the physical aspect of femininity in his unorthodox representation of the sexual female, Hardy threatens the Victorian model of women. Sexuality is evident in Far From The Madding Crowd when Bathsheba unknowingly admits her passion to Sergeant Troy. "If you can only fight half as winningly as you can talk, you are able to make a pleasure of a bayonet wound!" Baths...

Lebron v Kobe

People are always looking forward to basketball season. There are many good players in the league. I think that the two best players are Kobe Bryant and Lebron James. Both players perform excellent on the court. Although the players play well, they are totally different athletes. The attitudes, skills, and passion for the game are expressed in different ways. Although, Lebron James is young in the league of NBA basketball, he has the ability to shutdown most all-star veterans. Lebron’s attitude towards basketball hasn’t changed a bit from his high school career. Even though he is in the pros, his mentality is still teamwork. In a game like basketball you can’t do everything by yourself. Many may think he is a one man team or a ball hog but, his attitude towards the game makes himself stand out. On the other hand, Kobe Bryant has had a few more years of experience than Lebron James. In the beginning of his basketball career his attitude was similar to that of Lebron James’ current one. After a couple of years of playing with the same team and winning a variety of championships, his outlook on the sport began to change. Many in which caused controversy with his fellow former teammate Shaquille O’Neal. Lebron James has very exceptional skills in the level that he plays at. Not only did he get drafted directly out of high school but, he is one of the top players that are recognized when one mentions basketball. James has led his team to consecutive playoff appearances from 2006 through 2009. On offense, Lebron is known for using his size, strength, and quickness to get past offenders. His skills have led to many comparisons to NBA legends like Magic Johnson, Oscar Robertson, and Michael Jordan. Kobe Bryant is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history. Kobe has the ability to create shots for himself and is an effective outside shooter. Aside from this, he is a standout defender, having made the All-Defensive first and second team nine of the last ten seasons. The passion each individual has for the game of basketball is different from one another. Lebron James’ perspective on basketball is it’s â€Å"More Than a Game†. Basketball to him is more like a lifestyle in other words. The teamwork he and his teammates show on the court create a sense of brotherhood. Lebron knows that its not all about him because the game of basketball is a team sport. Kobe Bryant’s passion for the game is different. He started playing the sport at the age of 3 years old. Kobe’s father was in the NBA when he was young and had a big influence on him. On the court, he knows it’s a job to be done and he dominates on a regular basis. There are many similarities between Lebron James and Kobe Bryant. In contrast, there are many differences as well. Each individual has a certain way they present their selves on and off the court. One thing for sure, professional basketball would not be the same without them.

Bent Toward Your Goal, the Whole World Will Make Way Essay

Now I am in Grade 10 and I think about the life I have spent. I come to a conclusion: everyone’s life starts similarly, but the result is different. This is because some people do not know their own goals and only do what others do. Only people who know their goals can have a meaningful life. There are many ways in my life. If I am not careful enough, I will choose the wrong way. For instance, although some people look quite busy, what they do is not meaningful because they do not know their goal! It is necessary for you to know your goal and hold on to it unless you do not want to be successful. Ants use the whole autumn to save food in order to have a good winter. Farmers work under the burning sun in order to have a good harvest. They all know their goal and hold on to it. So do I. When I was in Grade 7, I knew there would be a basketball game in Grade 8. As a student who was crazy about basketball, it was a good chance for me to help my team, so I was sure of my goal. From then on, I began to learn from others and practiced again and again. Nothing could get in my way because of my determination. Although the sun was burning, the weather was hot, I never gave up because I believed: â€Å"no pain, no gain†. Finally, our team did a good job, and it was the result that I wanted. Begin with the end in mind makes me have a definite goal, and makes me go straight towards my dream. Consequently, I advocate that everyone should begin every day with a clear direction and destination and hold on to it. This can lead you to success!

Hatchet2 essays

Hatchet2 essays 13 year old Brian Robinson is going to visit his father. His parents are divorced and his father lives in Canada. Brian has to take a plane to Canada. His mother gives him a gift before he leaves and it is a hatchet that fits on his belt so Brian puts it there. Brian meets the pilot and he is a nice man. Brian and the pilot get ready to leave and then Brian remembers that he saw a man kissing his mom but he does not let it bother him. Brian leaves and after an hour or so the pilot was yelling and screaming that his chest hurts. He had a heart attack and died. Now Brian had to fly the plain on his own. Brian Picked up the CB radio and called for help. He made contact with a man and Brian told him that the pilot had a heart attack and died and that he did not know how to fly a plane. Brian did not get an answer. Brian realized that when the pilot died the control stick moved and he did not know if he was going in the right direction. Brian was quickly running out of fuel. He needed a place to land. He spotted a lake shaped like a big L. He hit the water hard and hit his forehead. Brian got out of the plane and reached the surface and sat next to the tree for a while. When Brian can to his senses he realized that he was really thirsty and needed a drink badly. So he took a big drink of the lake. Now Brian had to find food. He found some eggs and raspberries and that is what he ate for a few days. Brian used his hatchet to start fires by using sparks from the hatchet by hitting it with a rock. He also cut fire wood with the hatchet and other things such as that. About two months later Brian went to the bottom of the lake to see if there was anything useful in the plane. There was a survival package that he brought up. There were many useful things in there like bandages and matches. Shortly after that a plane flew overhead and landed on the shore of the lake and it was t ...

Narrative Essays

Narrative Essays Narrative Essays As a mode of critical essay writing, the narrative approach, offers writers to think and write about themselves. All of us have experiences that are worth to share with essay readers. Writing an essay on narrative essay topics you tell a story. There are many ways to write narrative essays and you should either follow the format required by your teacher or develop the one you feel comfortable with. To involve the reader in your story, make your college narrative essay writing vivid and emotional. Provide the essay reader with detailed information. You may write an essay in the form of a story relying on personal experiences. Narrative essays writing is usually filled with details and English essay writers use the technique of storytelling based on plot, characterization, setting, etc. If you do not know how to write a critical essay, read the below example of narrative essay. We hope it helps you understand better how to write a critical essay. In addition, you may contact us 24/7 to request custom narrative essay written especially for you: Examples of Narrative Essays ...What kind of a kid was I? Ornery. Mean. Nice. A nice mean kid. I had a bad temper. My grandfather, who I never knew, was a professional soldier; he fought in the Civil War. He was a cavalry officer, and we had his sword in the house. I'd get mad once in a while and chase my sisters and anybody else who was in the way with that sword. Just to scare them. Sure, I wanted to be a ballplayer when I was a kid, but it wasn't my first love. Football was. My ambition was to be the greatest football player Notre Dame ever had. When I was ten, I was competing in football against fifteen-year-old kids. Running right over them. Knute Rockne was one of my idols. I heard him talk once on the radio, one of his inspirational talks. I'll never forget it. I'm very emotional. I cry at the movies. I still get the chills when I hear "The Star-Spangled Banner." I was a hell of a soccer player, too; in fact, I was declared a professional soccer player when I was fourteen years old. I was playing for the Catholic school in St. Louis when some guy came along and offered me $50 to kick soccer one Sunday. He was trying to compete against the pros in St. Louis, and he was signing all the kids from the Catholic schools who could kick soccer and who could run. And he was giving us $50, which was a lot of money. My dad was making $25 a week and supporting twelve children... Did you like the above example? Would you like to have such a narrative essay written especially for you? We are working 24/7 to provide you with professional narrative essay writing service at any time of day and night you may need our help.There is no topic we cannot handle. Popular posts: Research Paper Example Psychology Research Papers Persuasive Research Paper Papers Psychology Research Paper Religion Research

ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Assignment Example Political risk is the effect of change in political policies on investment. It is upon the government how much they want to return to the investor, they may even stop him from withdrawing his capital. Iquisha further commented below as to how helpful Susan’s post was as she thought the answer would be none of the above and the investors received the correct amount of return due to exchange rate. Iquisha’s comment is welcomed and we hope all her ambiguity is cleared through the answer. Another student Marquisha also commented to Susan’s answer in a positive manner and also stated about political risk from her book. Marquisha’s effort is highly appreciated. If US dollar depreciates, it implies that more dollars are required to purchase foreign goods, which in turn means that foreign goods become expensive for Americans. However, for foreigners, the implication of a depreciation in the US dollar is favorable. Due to decline in US dollar’s value against foreign currencies, the holders of the respective foreign currencies will find US goods cheaper, as they have to spend less dollars (Byrd, Hickman and